The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece contains details of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell says that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the filming of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation works to reach young people in under-served communities and help them thrive both on the pitch with complimentary sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to tell their experience then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will feel about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the opportunity and continue carrying this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that rugby has the ability to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022